Two-Question Screening Test for Depression in Thai

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Information about Measure
First Name Suwanna
Last Name Arunpongpaisal
Email Not Available
Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Two-Question Screening Test for Depression
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any 10 in total, compounded into two groups. For instance, Mee-tae-yak-hai (easy crying), Mai-yak-wow (unwanted to talk), Ngoi (low-spirited)
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) ~18 – ~62
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Thailand
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Thai
Clinical or community sample? Community
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? 17 villages in the Northeastern Thai community
Development procedures locally-developed,validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? MINI (mini-international-neuropsychiatric interview) structured psychiatric examination using DSM-IV-TR criteria
Description of other development procedures, if applicable The screener was developed through discussion with the local population to select dialectic words to express depressive mood. This screener was then validated through a cross-sectional criterion study.
Cronbach’s alpha —
Sensitivity 0.719
Spec 0.851
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) The two-item screener contains a component that assesses depression and a component that assesses pleasure. The above sensitivities and specificities are reported based on individuals who provided positive answers to both of the questions. These metrics are for the diagnosis of depressive disorder. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of major depression are 0.73 and 0.839, respectively. For a more detailed description of subscale psychometrics, please see the reference article.
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Arunpongpaisal S, Kongsuk T, Maneethorn N, Maneethorn B, Wannasawek K, Leejongpermpoon J, et al. Development and validity of two-question screening test for depressive disorders in Northeastern Thai community. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;2(4):149-52. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2009.10.002. PubMed PMID: 2009612897.
Notes when administering the tool For the original study, the two-question screener was administered verbally by nurses in a community setting. The screener may be administered by anyone who speaks Thai. The screener contains questions that are answered dichotomously (with yes/no responses).

Akena Visual Depression Inventory (AVIDI)

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Information about Measure
First Name Dickens
Last Name Akena
Email Not Available
Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Akena Visual Depression Inventory (AVIDI)
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) 18-71
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Uganda
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool NA (visual)
Clinical or community sample? Clinical
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? Patients with HIV/AIDS attending the Nsambya Hospital Home care facility
Development procedures locally-developed,validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? MINI depression module
Description of other development procedures, if applicable Using 6 of the 9 diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-IV-TR, as well as one cultural explanatory symptom of depression, the authors worked with a fine artist to depict each symptom visually. The visual instrument was then validated against the MINI depression module among people living with HIV/AIDS.
Cronbach’s alpha —
Sensitivity 0.75
Spec 0.71
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) For the full-length version of the AVIDI, the suggested cut-off is a score of 10, which corresponds with the sensitivity and specificity values listed. The AUC for the full-length AVIDI was 0.82, with a PPV of 50 and NPV of 83.
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Akena, D, Joska, J, Musisi, S, Stein, DJ. Sensitivity and specificity of a visual depression screening instrument among HIV-positive individuals in Uganda, an area with low literacy. AIDS Behav 2012; 16: 2399–406

 
Notes when administering the tool The AVIDI is a visual tool that is  is intended for use in low-literacy populations.
Scoring is as follows: 1. Sadness: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if sad 2. Crying spells: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if cries frequently 3. Loss of interest: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if has lost interest. 4. Worries/Thoughts scored as (a) 0 if participant endorses neither option (i.e. doesn’t endorse worries or too many thoughts), or as a 2 if the participant endorses too many thoughts. 5. Lack of energy: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if lacks energy. 6. Loss of appetite: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if poor appetite. 7. Suicide scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option and 3 if suicidal. The maximum score is 17.

Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) – Burkina Faso

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Information about Measure
First Name Rebecca
Last Name Baggaley
Email Not Available
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) – Burkina Faso
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) 17-46
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Burkina Faso
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool West African French, Moore, and Dioula
Clinical or community sample? Other
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? Postpartum women and women with early pregnancy loss enrolled in a separate cohort study
Development procedures validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? Clinical diagnosis based on the ICD-10 criteria, assessed during psychiatric interviews
Description of other development procedures, if applicable
Cronbach’s alpha 0.87
Sensitivity 0.59
Spec 0.91
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) —
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Baggaley, R. F., Ganaba, R., Filippi, V., Kere, M., Marshall, T., Sombié, I.,Patel, V. (2007). Short communication: Detecting depression after pregnancy: the validity of the K10 and K6 in Burkina Faso. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 12(10), 1225–1229. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01906.x
Notes when administering the tool The tool may be administered by anyone who can read/write in the appropriate language (this tool has three versions: West African French, Moore, and Dioula) in order to reach the majority population of Burkina Faso and local language groups. Scores are calculated by summing all items with equal weight. Based on the listed psychometrics, the suggested cut-off is a score of greater than or equal to 14.

Peradeniya Depression Scale (PDS)

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Information about Measure
First Name T.N.
Last Name Rajapske
Email Not Available
Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Peradeniya Depression Scale (PDS)
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any “Saankaawa” (implies sadness and grief), “Bade gindara” (“fire in the abdomen), “Waatha amaaru” (generalized discomfort)
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) 18+
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Sri Lanka
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Sinhalese
Clinical or community sample? Clinical
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? Community members who were presenting to a psychiatry clinic for the first time and were suffering from current Major Depressive Episode.
Development procedures locally-developed,validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? Clinical diagnosis using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID)
Description of other development procedures, if applicable —
Cronbach’s alpha —
Sensitivity 0.87
Spec 0.88
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) Area under the ROC curve was 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99).
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Abeyasinghe, D., Tennakoon, S., & Rajapakse, T. (2012). The development and validation of the Peradeniya Depression Scale (PDS)—A culturally relevant tool for screening of depression in Sri Lanka. Journal of Affective Disorders, 142(1-3), 143–149.
Notes when administering the tool The tool is intended to be used for depression screening by psychiatrists but could be used by anyone who is fluent in Sinhalese. All 25 items are summed with equal weight. A cut-off score of 10/25 is advised based on this initial validation.

Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) – India

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Information about Measure
First Name Paul
Last Name Russell
Email Not Available
Affiliation Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) – India
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Childhood or Adolescence
Age range (age – age) 14-17
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated India
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Tamil
Clinical or community sample? Community
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? Schoolchildren at private and public schools that represented high, middle, and low SES groups. All students were in grade 11 at the time of the study.
Development procedures validated,culturally-adapted
If validated, what was the gold standard? ICD-10 clinical diagnosis using a modified version of the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL)
Description of other development procedures, if applicable —
Cronbach’s alpha 0.76
Sensitivity 0.83
Spec 0.84
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) Area under the curve in ROC was determined to be 87%. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were r = 0.73 and r = 0.98, respectively.
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Russell, P. S., Moses, P., Basker, M., & Russell, S. (2010). Validation of the children′s depression rating scale- revised for adolescents in primary-care pediatric use in India. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 64(2), 72.
Notes when administering the tool The tool was intended to be used among pediatricians in India but could be administered by anyone who is fluent in Tamil. Items are weighted on various scales and sum scores are calculated at the raw sum of all items. A cut-off point of greater than or equal to 30 is suggested for this population.

Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) – Turkey

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Information about Measure
First Name Metin
Last Name Basoglu
Email Not Available
Affiliation Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, England
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) – Turkey
Mental health condition assessed Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) 16-70
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Turkey
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Turkish
Clinical or community sample? Community
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? Earthquake survivors recruited from survivor camps and suburbs and towns near the epicenter in Golcuk.
Development procedures culturally-adapted,validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Description of other development procedures, if applicable —
Cronbach’s alpha 0.94
Sensitivity 0.83
Spec 0.73
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) For the diagnosis of MDE (major depressive disorder), the optimal cutoff point was 38 in the total scores of the 23 TSSC items.
For the diagnosis of PTSD, the optimal cutoff point was 25 in the total scores of the 17 PTSD items (sensitivity and specificity of .81).More information at http://dabatem.org/.
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Bqoglu, M., Salcioglu, E., Livanou, M., Ozeren, M., Aker, T., Kill, C., et al. (2001). A study of the validity of a screening instrument for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 491-509

Bqoglu, M., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2002). Traumatic stress responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 269-216.
Notes when administering the tool This tool is intended to be used with Turkish populations who have experienced trauma. Anyone who speaks and writes in Turkish is able to administer the tool. A score of 25 or more on the first suggests PTSD. A score of 38 or more suggests depression co-morbid to PTSD.

Mexican Health and Age Study (MHAS) Geriatric Depression Screener

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Information about Measure
First Name Sara
Last Name Gloria Aguilar-Navarro
Email Not Available
Affiliation Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Mexican Health and Age Study (MHAS) Geriatric Depression Screener
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Elderly
Age range (age – age) 65 +
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Mexico
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Spanish
Clinical or community sample? Community
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? Individuals older than 65 without evidence of cognitive deficits.
Development procedures locally-developed,validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? DSM-IV-TR and Yesavage’s 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)
Description of other development procedures, if applicable —
Cronbach’s alpha 0.74
Sensitivity 0.687
Spec 0.807
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) Intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.933.
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Aguilar-Navarro, S. G., Fuentes-Cantú, A., Ávila-Funes, J. A., & García-Mayo, E. J. (2007). Validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario del ENASEM para la depresión en adultos mayores. Salud Pública De México, 49(4), 256–262.
Notes when administering the tool The tool was developed as part of a national survey of health and aging. The tool may be administered by trained researchers or clinicians that can read and write Spanish. The tool is scored using equal weights for each question that is answered with an affirmative or positive yes/no response (indicated in bold on the tool form).

Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire

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Information about Measure
First Name David
Last Name Mumford
Email Not Available
Affiliation Centre for Medical Education, University of Bristol
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire
Mental health condition assessed Anxiety and Depression
Idiom of distress included, if any Multiple, including, “Do you feel like running from your home?” and “Do you feel fed up with your family members?”
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) —
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Pakistan
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Urdu
Clinical or community sample? Clinical
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? —
Development procedures locally-developed, culturally-adapted, validated
If validated, what was the gold standard? Validated using the CD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research to identify cases of anxiety and depression.
Description of other development procedures, if applicable —
Cronbach’s alpha —
Sensitivity 0.95
Spec 0.91
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) PPV: 0.91, NPV: 0.95
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Mumford et al., 2005 D.B. Mumford, M. Ayub, R. Karim, N. Izhar, A. Asif, J.T. Bavington
Development and validation of a questionnaire for anxiety and depression in Pakistan
Journal of Affective Disorders, 88 (2005), pp. 175-182
Notes when administering the tool The questionnaire may be completed by the subject unaided or administered by a research assistant in Urdu. The final tool included 30 items which are summed with equal weight. Based on sensitivity and specificity analyses, a threshold score of 11/12 is advised. The full tool is included in both English and Urdu in the publication cited herein.

Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale- Brazil

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Information about Measure
First Name Jefferson
Last Name Jovelino Amaral Dos Santos
Email Not Available
Affiliation Universidade Paranaense (Unipar), Toledo, PR, Brazil
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale- Brazilian version
Mental health condition assessed General Mental Health/Wellbeing/Quality of Life
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Adult (General)
Age range (age – age) —
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Brazil
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Portuguese
Clinical or community sample? Community
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? The final version of the scale was administered among college students. During the translation process, a sample ranging in ages from 20-40 was included.
Development procedures Culturally adapted
If validated, what was the gold standard? —
Description of other development procedures, if applicable —
Cronbach’s alpha 0.89
Sensitivity —
Spec —
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) —
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Santos, J. J., Costa, T. A., Guilherme, J. H., Silva, W. C., Abentroth, L. R., Krebs, J. A., & Sotoriva, P. (2015). Adaptation and cross-cultural validation of the Brazilian version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira, 61(3), 209-214. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.209
Notes when administering the tool The scale consists of 14 total items. The final score is calculated by adding up the response of each item, ranging from 1 to 5, obtaining a result from 14 to 70 points, where a higher score is indicative of better mental well-being.

Brazilian Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) – Long Version

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Information about Measure
First Name Martha
Last Name Rosa
Email Not Available
Affiliation Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) —
Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated Brazilian Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) – Long Version
Mental health condition assessed Depressive Disorders
Idiom of distress included, if any Not Applicable
Lifestage of interest Childhood or Adolescence
Age range (age – age) 11-17
Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated Brazil
Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool Portuguese
Clinical or community sample? Clinical
Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? The sample group for this stage was composed of patients and primary caregivers treated at mental health clinics.
Development procedures Culturally adapted
If validated, what was the gold standard? —
Description of other development procedures, if applicable The study followed a multi-step validation process from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).
Cronbach’s alpha —
Sensitivity —
Spec —
Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) —
Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool Rosa M, Metcalf E, Rocha TB, Kieling C. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) – Long Version. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2018;40(1):72-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0019
Notes when administering the tool The tool should either be administered to the adolescents or to their primary caregiver, as is deemed fit by researchers. The tool can be filled out in written form by participants. Each question is rated on a scale of 0, 1, or 2 by participants. Total scores should be calculated by summing each item with equal weight.