Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire
| Information about Measure | |
|---|---|
| First Name | David |
| Last Name | Mumford |
| Not Available | |
| Affiliation | Centre for Medical Education, University of Bristol |
| Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) | — |
| Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated | Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire |
| Mental health condition assessed | Anxiety and Depression |
| Idiom of distress included, if any | Multiple, including, “Do you feel like running from your home?” and “Do you feel fed up with your family members?” |
| Lifestage of interest | Adult (General) |
| Age range (age – age) | — |
| Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated | Pakistan |
| Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool | Urdu |
| Clinical or community sample? | Clinical |
| Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? | — |
| Development procedures | locally-developed, culturally-adapted, validated |
| If validated, what was the gold standard? | Validated using the CD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research to identify cases of anxiety and depression. |
| Description of other development procedures, if applicable | — |
| Cronbach’s alpha | — |
| Sensitivity | 0.95 |
| Spec | 0.91 |
| Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) | PPV: 0.91, NPV: 0.95 |
| Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool | Mumford et al., 2005 D.B. Mumford, M. Ayub, R. Karim, N. Izhar, A. Asif, J.T. Bavington Development and validation of a questionnaire for anxiety and depression in Pakistan Journal of Affective Disorders, 88 (2005), pp. 175-182 |
| Notes when administering the tool | The questionnaire may be completed by the subject unaided or administered by a research assistant in Urdu. The final tool included 30 items which are summed with equal weight. Based on sensitivity and specificity analyses, a threshold score of 11/12 is advised. The full tool is included in both English and Urdu in the publication cited herein. |