Akena Visual Depression Inventory (AVIDI)
| Information about Measure | |
|---|---|
| First Name | Dickens |
| Last Name | Akena |
| Not Available | |
| Affiliation | Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa |
| Other means of contacting author (e.g., website, Academia.edu, ResearchGate) | — |
| Mental health assessment tool that was adapted/developed/validated | Akena Visual Depression Inventory (AVIDI) |
| Mental health condition assessed | Depressive Disorders |
| Idiom of distress included, if any | Not Applicable |
| Lifestage of interest | Adult (General) |
| Age range (age – age) | 18-71 |
| Country or countries where tool was developed/adapted/validated | Uganda |
| Language(s) of the adapted/developed/validated tool | NA (visual) |
| Clinical or community sample? | Clinical |
| Subpopulation in which tool was developed/validated (e.g., tool was developed and tested among middle-class women)? | Patients with HIV/AIDS attending the Nsambya Hospital Home care facility |
| Development procedures | locally-developed,validated |
| If validated, what was the gold standard? | MINI depression module |
| Description of other development procedures, if applicable | Using 6 of the 9 diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-IV-TR, as well as one cultural explanatory symptom of depression, the authors worked with a fine artist to depict each symptom visually. The visual instrument was then validated against the MINI depression module among people living with HIV/AIDS. |
| Cronbach’s alpha | — |
| Sensitivity | 0.75 |
| Spec | 0.71 |
| Other information about tool (e.g., additional psychometrics [NPV, PPV, Youden’s index, diagnostic odds ratio]) | For the full-length version of the AVIDI, the suggested cut-off is a score of 10, which corresponds with the sensitivity and specificity values listed. The AUC for the full-length AVIDI was 0.82, with a PPV of 50 and NPV of 83. |
| Citations of development/adaptation/validation studies and/or previous studies using the tool | Akena, D, Joska, J, Musisi, S, Stein, DJ. Sensitivity and specificity of a visual depression screening instrument among HIV-positive individuals in Uganda, an area with low literacy. AIDS Behav 2012; 16: 2399–406
|
| Notes when administering the tool | The AVIDI is a visual tool that is is intended for use in low-literacy populations. Scoring is as follows: 1. Sadness: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if sad 2. Crying spells: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if cries frequently 3. Loss of interest: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if has lost interest. 4. Worries/Thoughts scored as (a) 0 if participant endorses neither option (i.e. doesn’t endorse worries or too many thoughts), or as a 2 if the participant endorses too many thoughts. 5. Lack of energy: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if lacks energy. 6. Loss of appetite: scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option or 2 if poor appetite. 7. Suicide scored as 1 if participant endorses healthy (normal) option and 3 if suicidal. The maximum score is 17. |